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					<h1>CodeIgniter User Guide Version 2.0.3</h1>
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		<h1>Active Record Class</h1>

		<p>CodeIgniter uses a modified version of the Active Record
			Database Pattern. This pattern allows information to be retrieved,
			inserted, and updated in your database with minimal scripting. In
			some cases only one or two lines of code are necessary to perform a
			database action. CodeIgniter does not require that each database
			table be its own class file. It instead provides a more simplified
			interface.</p>

		<p>Beyond simplicity, a major benefit to using the Active Record
			features is that it allows you to create database independent
			applications, since the query syntax is generated by each database
			adapter. It also allows for safer queries, since the values are
			escaped automatically by the system.</p>

		<p class="important">
			<strong>Note:</strong> If you intend to write your own queries you
			can disable this class in your database config file, allowing the
			core database library and adapter to utilize fewer resources.<br />
		</p>

		<ul>
			<li><a href="#select">Selecting Data</a></li>
			<li><a href="#insert">Inserting Data</a></li>
			<li><a href="#update">Updating Data</a></li>
			<li><a href="#delete">Deleting Data</a></li>
			<li><a href="#chaining">Method Chaining</a></li>
			<li><a href="#caching">Active Record Caching</a></li>
		</ul>

		<h1>
			<a name="select">&nbsp;</a>Selecting Data
		</h1>

		<p>
			The following functions allow you to build SQL <strong>SELECT</strong>
			statements.
		</p>

		<p>
			<strong>Note: If you are using PHP 5 you can use method
				chaining for more compact syntax. This is described at the end of
				the page.</strong>
		</p>


		<h2>$this->db->get();</h2>

		<p>Runs the selection query and returns the result. Can be used by
			itself to retrieve all records from a table:</p>

		<code>
			$query = $this->db->get('mytable');<br /> <br /> // Produces:
			SELECT * FROM mytable
		</code>

		<p>The second and third parameters enable you to set a limit and
			offset clause:</p>

		<code>
			$query = $this->db->get('mytable', 10, 20);<br /> <br /> //
			Produces: SELECT * FROM mytable LIMIT 20, 10 (in MySQL. Other
			databases have slightly different syntax)
		</code>

		<p>
			You'll notice that the above function is assigned to a variable named
			<kbd>$query</kbd>
			, which can be used to show the results:
		</p>

		<code>
			$query = $this->db->get('mytable');<br /> <br /> foreach
			($query->result() as $row)<br /> {<br />
			&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;echo $row->title;<br /> }
		</code>

		<p>
			Please visit the <a href="results.html">result functions</a> page for
			a full discussion regarding result generation.
		</p>


		<h2>$this->db->get_where();</h2>

		<p>Identical to the above function except that it permits you to
			add a "where" clause in the second parameter, instead of using the
			db->where() function:</p>

		<code>$query = $this->db->get_where('mytable', array('id' =>
			$id), $limit, $offset);</code>

		<p>Please read the about the where function below for more
			information.</p>
		<p class="important">Note: get_where() was formerly known as
			getwhere(), which has been removed</p>

		<h2>$this->db->select();</h2>
		<p>Permits you to write the SELECT portion of your query:</p>
		<p>
			<code>
				$this->db->select('title, content, date');<br /> <br /> $query =
				$this->db->get('mytable');<br /> <br /> // Produces: SELECT title,
				content, date FROM mytable
			</code>
		</p>
		<p class="important">
			<strong>Note:</strong> If you are selecting all (*) from a table you
			do not need to use this function. When omitted, CodeIgniter assumes
			you wish to SELECT *
		</p>

		<p>$this-&gt;db-&gt;select() accepts an optional second parameter.
			If you set it to FALSE, CodeIgniter will not try to protect your
			field or table names with backticks. This is useful if you need a
			compound select statement.</p>
		<p>
			<code>
				$this-&gt;db-&gt;select('(SELECT SUM(payments.amount) FROM payments
				WHERE payments.invoice_id=4') AS amount_paid', FALSE); <br />
				$query = $this-&gt;db-&gt;get('mytable');<br />
			</code>
		</p>
		<h2>$this->db->select_max();</h2>
		<p>Writes a "SELECT MAX(field)" portion for your query. You can
			optionally include a second parameter to rename the resulting field.</p>
		<p>
			<code>
				$this->db->select_max('age');<br /> $query =
				$this->db->get('members');<br /> // Produces: SELECT MAX(age) as
				age FROM members<br /> <br /> $this-&gt;db-&gt;select_max('age',
				'member_age');<br /> $query = $this-&gt;db-&gt;get('members');<br />
				// Produces: SELECT MAX(age) as member_age FROM members
			</code>
		</p>

		<h2>$this->db->select_min();</h2>
		<p>
			Writes a "SELECT MIN(field)" portion for your query. As with
			<dfn>select_max()</dfn>
			, You can optionally include a second parameter to rename the
			resulting field.
		</p>
		<p>
			<code>
				$this->db->select_min('age');<br /> $query =
				$this->db->get('members');<br /> // Produces: SELECT MIN(age) as
				age FROM members
			</code>
		</p>

		<h2>$this->db->select_avg();</h2>
		<p>
			Writes a "SELECT AVG(field)" portion for your query. As with
			<dfn>select_max()</dfn>
			, You can optionally include a second parameter to rename the
			resulting field.
		</p>
		<p>
			<code>
				$this->db->select_avg('age');<br /> $query =
				$this->db->get('members');<br /> // Produces: SELECT AVG(age) as
				age FROM members
			</code>
		</p>

		<h2>$this->db->select_sum();</h2>
		<p>
			Writes a "SELECT SUM(field)" portion for your query. As with
			<dfn>select_max()</dfn>
			, You can optionally include a second parameter to rename the
			resulting field.
		</p>
		<p>
			<code>
				$this->db->select_sum('age');<br /> $query =
				$this->db->get('members');<br /> // Produces: SELECT SUM(age) as
				age FROM members
			</code>
		</p>

		<h2>$this->db->from();</h2>

		<p>Permits you to write the FROM portion of your query:</p>

		<code>
			$this->db->select('title, content, date');<br />
			$this->db->from('mytable');<br /> <br /> $query = $this->db->get();<br />
			<br /> // Produces: SELECT title, content, date FROM mytable
		</code>

		<p class="important">
			Note: As shown earlier, the FROM portion of your query can be
			specified in the
			<dfn>$this->db->get()</dfn>
			function, so use whichever method you prefer.
		</p>

		<h2>$this->db->join();</h2>

		<p>Permits you to write the JOIN portion of your query:</p>

		<code>
			$this->db->select('*');<br /> $this->db->from('blogs');<br />
			$this->db->join('comments', 'comments.id = blogs.id');<br /> <br />
			$query = $this->db->get();<br /> <br /> // Produces: <br /> //
			SELECT * FROM blogs<br /> // JOIN comments ON comments.id = blogs.id<br />
		</code>

		<p>Multiple function calls can be made if you need several joins
			in one query.</p>

		<p>If you need a specific type of JOIN you can specify it via the
			third parameter of the function. Options are: left, right, outer,
			inner, left outer, and right outer.</p>

		<code>
			$this->db->join('comments', 'comments.id = blogs.id', <strong>'left'</strong>);<br />
			<br /> // Produces: LEFT JOIN comments ON comments.id = blogs.id
		</code>





		<h2>$this->db->where();</h2>
		<p>
			This function enables you to set <strong>WHERE</strong> clauses using
			one of four methods:
		</p>

		<p class="important">
			<strong>Note:</strong> All values passed to this function are escaped
			automatically, producing safer queries.
		</p>

		<ol>
			<li><strong>Simple key/value method:</strong> <code>
					$this->db->where('name', $name); <br /> <br /> // Produces: WHERE
					name = 'Joe'
				</code>

				<p>Notice that the equal sign is added for you.</p>

				<p>
					If you use multiple function calls they will be chained together
					with
					<var>AND</var>
					between them:
				</p> <code>
					$this->db->where('name', $name);<br /> $this->db->where('title',
					$title);<br /> $this->db->where('status', $status); <br /> <br />
					// WHERE name = 'Joe' AND title = 'boss' AND status = 'active'
				</code></li>

			<li><strong>Custom key/value method:</strong>

				<p>You can include an operator in the first parameter in order
					to control the comparison:</p> <code>
					$this->db->where('name !=', $name);<br /> $this->db->where('id <',
					$id); <br /> <br /> // Produces: WHERE name != 'Joe' AND id < 45
				</code></li>
			<li><strong>Associative array method:</strong> <code>
					$array = array('name' => $name, 'title' => $title, 'status' =>
					$status);<br /> <br /> $this->db->where($array); <br /> <br />
					// Produces: WHERE name = 'Joe' AND title = 'boss' AND status =
					'active'
				</code>

				<p>You can include your own operators using this method as well:</p>

				<code>
					$array = array('name !=' => $name, 'id <' => $id, 'date >' =>
					$date);<br /> <br /> $this->db->where($array);
				</code></li>
			<li><strong>Custom string:</strong>

				<p>You can write your own clauses manually:</p> <code>
					$where = "name='Joe' AND status='boss' OR status='active'";<br />
					<br /> $this->db->where($where);
				</code></li>
		</ol>


		<p>$this-&gt;db-&gt;where() accepts an optional third parameter.
			If you set it to FALSE, CodeIgniter will not try to protect your
			field or table names with backticks.</p>
		<p>
			<code>
				$this-&gt;db-&gt;where('MATCH (field) AGAINST (&quot;value&quot;)',
				NULL, FALSE);<br />
			</code>
		</p>
		<h2>$this->db->or_where();</h2>
		<p>This function is identical to the one above, except that
			multiple instances are joined by OR:</p>

		<code>
			$this->db->where('name !=', $name);<br /> $this->db->or_where('id
			>', $id); <br /> <br /> // Produces: WHERE name != 'Joe' OR id > 50
		</code>

		<p class="important">Note: or_where() was formerly known as
			orwhere(), which has been removed.</p>


		<h2>$this->db->where_in();</h2>
		<p>Generates a WHERE field IN ('item', 'item') SQL query joined
			with AND if appropriate</p>
		<p>
			<code>
				$names = array('Frank', 'Todd', 'James');<br />
				$this->db->where_in('username', $names);<br /> // Produces: WHERE
				username IN ('Frank', 'Todd', 'James')
			</code>
		</p>

		<h2>$this->db->or_where_in();</h2>
		<p>Generates a WHERE field IN ('item', 'item') SQL query joined
			with OR if appropriate</p>
		<p>
			<code>
				$names = array('Frank', 'Todd', 'James');<br />
				$this->db->or_where_in('username', $names);<br /> // Produces: OR
				username IN ('Frank', 'Todd', 'James')
			</code>
		</p>

		<h2>$this->db->where_not_in();</h2>
		<p>Generates a WHERE field NOT IN ('item', 'item') SQL query
			joined with AND if appropriate</p>
		<p>
			<code>
				$names = array('Frank', 'Todd', 'James');<br />
				$this->db->where_not_in('username', $names);<br /> // Produces:
				WHERE username NOT IN ('Frank', 'Todd', 'James')
			</code>
		</p>

		<h2>$this->db->or_where_not_in();</h2>
		<p>Generates a WHERE field NOT IN ('item', 'item') SQL query
			joined with OR if appropriate</p>
		<p>
			<code>
				$names = array('Frank', 'Todd', 'James');<br />
				$this->db->or_where_not_in('username', $names);<br /> // Produces:
				OR username NOT IN ('Frank', 'Todd', 'James')
			</code>
		</p>

		<h2>$this->db->like();</h2>
		<p>
			This function enables you to generate <strong>LIKE</strong> clauses,
			useful for doing searches.
		</p>

		<p class="important">
			<strong>Note:</strong> All values passed to this function are escaped
			automatically.
		</p>


		<ol>
			<li><strong>Simple key/value method:</strong> <code>
					$this->db->like('title', 'match'); <br /> <br /> // Produces:
					WHERE title LIKE '%match%'
				</code>

				<p>
					If you use multiple function calls they will be chained together
					with
					<var>AND</var>
					between them:
				</p> <code>
					$this->db->like('title', 'match');<br /> $this->db->like('body',
					'match'); <br /> <br /> // WHERE title LIKE '%match%' AND body
					LIKE '%match%
				</code> If you want to control where the wildcard (%) is placed, you can
				use an optional third argument. Your options are 'before', 'after'
				and 'both' (which is the default). <code>
					$this->db->like('title', 'match', 'before'); <br /> // Produces:
					WHERE title LIKE '%match' <br /> <br />
					$this-&gt;db-&gt;like('title', 'match', 'after'); <br /> //
					Produces: WHERE title LIKE 'match%' <br /> <br />
					$this-&gt;db-&gt;like('title', 'match', 'both'); <br /> //
					Produces: WHERE title LIKE '%match%'
				</code></li>

			<li><strong>Associative array method:</strong> <code>
					$array = array('title' => $match, 'page1' => $match, 'page2' =>
					$match);<br /> <br /> $this->db->like($array); <br /> <br /> //
					WHERE title LIKE '%match%' AND page1 LIKE '%match%' AND page2 LIKE
					'%match%'
				</code></li>
		</ol>


		<h2>$this->db->or_like();</h2>
		<p>This function is identical to the one above, except that
			multiple instances are joined by OR:</p>

		<code>
			$this->db->like('title', 'match');<br /> $this->db->or_like('body',
			$match); <br /> <br /> // WHERE title LIKE '%match%' OR body LIKE
			'%match%'
		</code>




		<p class="important">Note: or_like() was formerly known as
			orlike(), which has been removed.</p>
		<h2>$this-&gt;db-&gt;not_like();</h2>
		<p>
			This function is identical to <strong>like()</strong>, except that it
			generates NOT LIKE statements:
		</p>
		<code>
			$this-&gt;db-&gt;not_like('title', 'match');<br /> <br /> // WHERE
			title NOT LIKE '%match%
		</code>
		<h2>$this-&gt;db-&gt;or_not_like();</h2>
		<p>
			This function is identical to <strong>not_like()</strong>, except
			that multiple instances are joined by OR:
		</p>
		<code>
			$this-&gt;db-&gt;like('title', 'match');<br />
			$this-&gt;db-&gt;or_not_like('body', 'match'); <br /> <br /> //
			WHERE title LIKE '%match% OR body NOT LIKE '%match%'
		</code>
		<h2>$this->db->group_by();</h2>
		<p>Permits you to write the GROUP BY portion of your query:</p>

		<code>
			$this->db->group_by("title"); <br /> <br /> // Produces: GROUP BY
			title
		</code>

		<p>You can also pass an array of multiple values as well:</p>

		<code>
			$this->db->group_by(array("title", "date")); <br /> <br /> //
			Produces: GROUP BY title, date
		</code>

		<p class="important">Note: group_by() was formerly known as
			groupby(), which has been removed.</p>

		<h2>
			$this-&gt;db-&gt;distinct();<br />
		</h2>
		<p>Adds the &quot;DISTINCT&quot; keyword to a query</p>
		<p>
			<code>
				$this-&gt;db-&gt;distinct();<br /> $this-&gt;db-&gt;get('table');<br />
				<br /> // Produces: SELECT DISTINCT * FROM table
			</code>
		</p>
		<h2>$this->db->having();</h2>
		<p>Permits you to write the HAVING portion of your query. There
			are 2 possible syntaxes, 1 argument or 2:</p>

		<code>
			$this->db->having('user_id = 45'); <br /> // Produces: HAVING
			user_id = 45<br /> <br /> $this-&gt;db-&gt;having('user_id', 45); <br />
			// Produces: HAVING user_id = 45<br /> <br />
		</code>

		<p>You can also pass an array of multiple values as well:</p>


		<p>
			<code>
				$this->db->having(array('title =' => 'My Title', 'id <' => $id)); <br />
				<br /> // Produces: HAVING title = 'My Title', id < 45
			</code>
		</p>
		<p>If you are using a database that CodeIgniter escapes queries
			for, you can prevent escaping content by passing an optional third
			argument, and setting it to FALSE.</p>
		<p>
			<code>
				$this-&gt;db-&gt;having('user_id', 45); <br /> // Produces: HAVING
				`user_id` = 45 in some databases such as MySQL <br />
				$this-&gt;db-&gt;having('user_id', 45, FALSE); <br /> // Produces:
				HAVING user_id = 45
			</code>
		</p>
		<h2>$this-&gt;db-&gt;or_having();</h2>
		<p>Identical to having(), only separates multiple clauses with
			&quot;OR&quot;.</p>
		<h2>$this->db->order_by();</h2>
		<p>
			Lets you set an ORDER BY clause. The first parameter contains the
			name of the column you would like to order by. The second parameter
			lets you set the direction of the result. Options are
			<kbd>asc</kbd>
			or
			<kbd>desc</kbd>
			, or
			<kbd>random</kbd>
			.
		</p>

		<code>
			$this->db->order_by("title", "desc"); <br /> <br /> // Produces:
			ORDER BY title DESC
		</code>

		<p>You can also pass your own string in the first parameter:</p>

		<code>
			$this->db->order_by('title desc, name asc'); <br /> <br /> //
			Produces: ORDER BY title DESC, name ASC
		</code>

		<p>Or multiple function calls can be made if you need multiple
			fields.</p>

		<p>
			<code>
				$this->db->order_by("title", "desc");<br />
				$this->db->order_by("name", "asc"); <br /> <br /> // Produces:
				ORDER BY title DESC, name ASC
			</code>
		</p>
		<p class="important">Note: order_by() was formerly known as
			orderby(), which has been removed.</p>
		<p class="important">Note: random ordering is not currently
			supported in Oracle or MSSQL drivers. These will default to 'ASC'.</p>
		<h2>$this->db->limit();</h2>
		<p>Lets you limit the number of rows you would like returned by
			the query:</p>

		<code>
			$this->db->limit(10);<br /> <br /> // Produces: LIMIT 10
		</code>


		<p>The second parameter lets you set a result offset.</p>

		<code>
			$this->db->limit(10, 20);<br /> <br /> // Produces: LIMIT 20, 10
			(in MySQL. Other databases have slightly different syntax)
		</code>


		<h2>$this->db->count_all_results();</h2>

		<p>Permits you to determine the number of rows in a particular
			Active Record query. Queries will accept Active Record restrictors
			such as where(), or_where(), like(), or_like(), etc. Example:</p>
		<code>
			echo $this->db->count_all_results('
			<var>my_table</var>
			');<br /> // Produces an integer, like 25<br /> <br />
			$this-&gt;db-&gt;like('title', 'match');<br />
			$this-&gt;db-&gt;from('
			<var>my_table</var>
			');<br /> echo $this-&gt;db-&gt;count_all_results();<br /> //
			Produces an integer, like 17
		</code>

		<h2>$this->db->count_all();</h2>

		<p>Permits you to determine the number of rows in a particular
			table. Submit the table name in the first parameter. Example:</p>

		<code>
			echo $this->db->count_all('
			<var>my_table</var>
			');<br /> <br /> // Produces an integer, like 25
		</code>
		<a name="insert">&nbsp;</a>
		<h1>Inserting Data</h1>

		<h2>$this->db->insert();</h2>
		<p>
			Generates an insert string based on the data you supply, and runs the
			query. You can either pass an <strong>array</strong> or an <strong>object</strong>
			to the function. Here is an example using an array:
		</p>

		<code>
			$data = array(<br /> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'title' => 'My title' ,<br />
			&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'name' => 'My Name' ,<br />
			&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'date' => 'My date'<br /> );<br /> <br />
			$this->db->insert('mytable', $data); <br /> <br /> // Produces:
			INSERT INTO mytable (title, name, date) VALUES ('My title', 'My
			name', 'My date')
		</code>

		<p>The first parameter will contain the table name, the second is
			an associative array of values.</p>

		<p>Here is an example using an object:</p>

		<code>
			/*<br /> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;class Myclass {<br />
			&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;var $title = 'My
			Title';<br /> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;var
			$content = 'My Content';<br />
			&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;var $date = 'My
			Date';<br /> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;}<br /> */<br /> <br />
			$object = new Myclass;<br /> <br /> $this->db->insert('mytable',
			$object); <br /> <br /> // Produces: INSERT INTO mytable (title,
			content, date) VALUES ('My Title', 'My Content', 'My Date')
		</code>

		<p>The first parameter will contain the table name, the second is
			an object.</p>

		<p class="important">
			<strong>Note:</strong> All values are escaped automatically producing
			safer queries.
		</p>

		<h2>$this->db->insert_batch();</h2>
		<p>
			Generates an insert string based on the data you supply, and runs the
			query. You can either pass an <strong>array</strong> or an <strong>object</strong>
			to the function. Here is an example using an array:
		</p>

		<code>
			$data = array(<br /> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;array(<br />
			&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'title' => 'My title' ,<br />
			&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'name' => 'My Name' ,<br />
			&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'date' => 'My date'<br />
			&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;),<br /> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;array(<br />
			&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'title' => 'Another title' ,<br />
			&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'name' => 'Another Name' ,<br />
			&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'date' => 'Another date'<br />
			&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)<br /> );<br /> <br />
			$this->db->update_batch('mytable', $data); <br /> <br /> //
			Produces: INSERT INTO mytable (title, name, date) VALUES ('My title',
			'My name', 'My date'), ('Another title', 'Another name', 'Another
			date')
		</code>

		<p>The first parameter will contain the table name, the second is
			an associative array of values.</p>

		<p class="important">
			<strong>Note:</strong> All values are escaped automatically producing
			safer queries.
		</p>



		<h2>$this->db->set();</h2>
		<p>
			This function enables you to set values for
			<dfn>inserts</dfn>
			or
			<dfn>updates</dfn>
			.
		</p>

		<p>
			<strong>It can be used instead of passing a data array
				directly to the insert or update functions:</strong>
		</p>

		<code>
			$this->db->set('name', $name); <br /> $this->db->insert('mytable');
			<br /> <br /> // Produces: INSERT INTO mytable (name) VALUES
			('{$name}')
		</code>

		<p>If you use multiple function called they will be assembled
			properly based on whether you are doing an insert or an update:</p>

		<code>
			$this-&gt;db-&gt;set('name', $name);<br />
			$this-&gt;db-&gt;set('title', $title);<br />
			$this-&gt;db-&gt;set('status', $status);<br />
			$this-&gt;db-&gt;insert('mytable');
		</code>
		<p>
			<strong>set()</strong> will also accept an optional third parameter
			($escape), that will prevent data from being escaped if set to FALSE.
			To illustrate the difference, here is set() used both with and
			without the escape parameter.
		</p>
		<p>
			<code>
				$this-&gt;db-&gt;set('field', 'field+1', FALSE);<br />
				$this-&gt;db-&gt;insert('mytable'); <br /> // gives INSERT INTO
				mytable (field) VALUES (field+1)<br /> <br />
				$this-&gt;db-&gt;set('field', 'field+1');<br />
				$this-&gt;db-&gt;insert('mytable'); <br /> // gives INSERT INTO
				mytable (field) VALUES ('field+1')
			</code>
		</p>
		<p>You can also pass an associative array to this function:</p>
		<code>
			$array = array('name' => $name, 'title' => $title, 'status' =>
			$status);<br /> <br /> $this->db->set($array);<br />
			$this->db->insert('mytable');
		</code>

		<p>Or an object:</p>


		<code>
			/*<br /> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;class Myclass {<br />
			&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;var $title = 'My
			Title';<br /> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;var
			$content = 'My Content';<br />
			&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;var $date = 'My
			Date';<br /> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;}<br /> */<br /> <br />
			$object = new Myclass;<br /> <br /> $this->db->set($object);<br />
			$this->db->insert('mytable');
		</code>
		<a name="update">&nbsp;</a>
		<h1>Updating Data</h1>

		<h2>$this->db->update();</h2>
		<p>
			Generates an update string and runs the query based on the data you
			supply. You can pass an <strong>array</strong> or an <strong>object</strong>
			to the function. Here is an example using an array:
		</p>

		<code>
			$data = array(<br />
			&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'title'
			=> $title,<br />
			&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'name'
			=> $name,<br />
			&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'date'
			=> $date<br />
			&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;);<br />
			<br /> $this->db->where('id', $id);<br />
			$this->db->update('mytable', $data); <br /> <br /> // Produces:<br />
			// UPDATE mytable <br /> // SET title = '{$title}', name =
			'{$name}', date = '{$date}'<br /> // WHERE id = $id
		</code>

		<p>Or you can supply an object:</p>

		<code>
			/*<br /> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;class Myclass {<br />
			&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;var $title = 'My
			Title';<br /> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;var
			$content = 'My Content';<br />
			&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;var $date = 'My
			Date';<br /> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;}<br /> */<br /> <br />
			$object = new Myclass;<br /> <br /> $this->db->where('id', $id);<br />
			$this->db->update('mytable', $object); <br /> <br /> // Produces:<br />
			// UPDATE mytable <br /> // SET title = '{$title}', name =
			'{$name}', date = '{$date}'<br /> // WHERE id = $id
		</code>



		<p class="important">
			<strong>Note:</strong> All values are escaped automatically producing
			safer queries.
		</p>

		<p>
			You'll notice the use of the
			<dfn>$this->db->where()</dfn>
			function, enabling you to set the WHERE clause. You can optionally
			pass this information directly into the update function as a string:
		</p>

		<code>$this->db->update('mytable', $data, "id = 4");</code>

		<p>Or as an array:</p>

		<code>$this->db->update('mytable', $data, array('id' => $id));</code>

		<p>
			You may also use the
			<dfn>$this->db->set()</dfn>
			function described above when performing updates.
		</p>


		<a name="delete">&nbsp;</a>
		<h1>Deleting Data</h1>



		<h2>$this->db->delete();</h2>
		<p>Generates a delete SQL string and runs the query.</p>

		<code>
			$this->db->delete('mytable', array('id' => $id)); <br /> <br /> //
			Produces:<br /> // DELETE FROM mytable <br /> // WHERE id = $id
		</code>

		<p>
			The first parameter is the table name, the second is the where
			clause. You can also use the
			<dfn>where()</dfn>
			or
			<dfn>or_where()</dfn>
			functions instead of passing the data to the second parameter of the
			function:
		</p>

		<p>
			<code>
				$this->db->where('id', $id);<br /> $this->db->delete('mytable'); <br />
				<br /> // Produces:<br /> // DELETE FROM mytable <br /> // WHERE
				id = $id
			</code>
		</p>
		<p>An array of table names can be passed into delete() if you
			would like to delete data from more than 1 table.</p>
		<p>
			<code>
				$tables = array('table1', 'table2', 'table3');<br />
				$this-&gt;db-&gt;where('id', '5');<br />
				$this-&gt;db-&gt;delete($tables);
			</code>
		</p>
		<p>
			If you want to delete all data from a table, you can use the
			<dfn>truncate()</dfn>
			function, or
			<dfn>empty_table()</dfn>
			.
		</p>
		<h2>$this-&gt;db-&gt;empty_table();</h2>
		<p>
			Generates a delete SQL string and runs the query.
			<code>
				$this-&gt;db-&gt;empty_table('mytable'); <br /> <br /> // Produces<br />
				// DELETE FROM mytable
			</code>
		</p>
		<h2>$this-&gt;db-&gt;truncate();</h2>
		<p>Generates a truncate SQL string and runs the query.</p>
		<code>
			$this-&gt;db-&gt;from('mytable'); <br />
			$this-&gt;db-&gt;truncate(); <br /> // or <br />
			$this-&gt;db-&gt;truncate('mytable'); <br /> <br /> // Produce:<br />
			// TRUNCATE mytable <br />
		</code>
		<p class="important">
			<strong>Note:</strong> If the TRUNCATE command isn't available,
			truncate() will execute as &quot;DELETE FROM table&quot;.
		</p>

		<h1>
			<a name="chaining">&nbsp;</a>Method Chaining
		</h1>

		<p>Method chaining allows you to simplify your syntax by
			connecting multiple functions. Consider this example:</p>

		<code>
			<dfn>$this->db</dfn>
			<kbd>-></kbd>
			<var>select</var>
			('title')
			<kbd>-></kbd>
			<var>from</var>
			('mytable')
			<kbd>-></kbd>
			<var>where</var>
			('id', $id)
			<kbd>-></kbd>
			<var>limit</var>
			(10, 20);<br /> <br /> $query = $this->db->get();
		</code>

		<p class="important">
			<strong>Note:</strong> Method chaining only works with PHP 5.
		</p>

		<p>&nbsp;</p>

		<h1>
			<a name="caching">&nbsp;</a>Active Record Caching
		</h1>

		<p>While not &quot;true&quot; caching, Active Record enables you
			to save (or &quot;cache&quot;) certain parts of your queries for
			reuse at a later point in your script's execution. Normally, when an
			Active Record call is completed, all stored information is reset for
			the next call. With caching, you can prevent this reset, and reuse
			information easily.</p>

		<p>Cached calls are cumulative. If you make 2 cached select()
			calls, and then 2 uncached select() calls, this will result in 4
			select() calls. There are three Caching functions available:</p>

		<h2>$this-&gt;db-&gt;start_cache()</h2>

		<p>This function must be called to begin caching. All Active
			Record queries of the correct type (see below for supported queries)
			are stored for later use.</p>

		<h2>$this-&gt;db-&gt;stop_cache()</h2>

		<p>This function can be called to stop caching.</p>

		<h2>$this-&gt;db-&gt;flush_cache()</h2>

		<p>This function deletes all items from the Active Record cache.</p>

		<p>Here's a usage example:</p>

		<p>
			<code>
				$this-&gt;db-&gt;start_cache();<br />
				$this-&gt;db-&gt;select('field1');<br />
				$this-&gt;db-&gt;stop_cache();<br /> <br />
				$this-&gt;db-&gt;get('tablename');<br /> <br /> //Generates:
				SELECT `field1` FROM (`tablename`)<br /> <br />
				$this-&gt;db-&gt;select('field2');<br />
				$this-&gt;db-&gt;get('tablename');<br /> <br /> //Generates:
				SELECT `field1`, `field2` FROM (`tablename`)<br /> <br />
				$this-&gt;db-&gt;flush_cache();<br /> <br />
				$this-&gt;db-&gt;select('field2');<br />
				$this-&gt;db-&gt;get('tablename');<br /> <br /> //Generates:
				SELECT `field2` FROM (`tablename`)
			</code>
		</p>

		<p class="important">
			<strong>Note:</strong> The following statements can be cached:
			select, from, join, where, like, group_by, having, order_by, set
		</p>
		<p>&nbsp;</p>
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